Abstract Background: The increase in the zoonotic epidemic of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis, which started in the late 1990s in Rio de Janeiro and is now found in almost all Brazilian states, has been equally advancing in neighboring countries of Brazil. Changes in the clinical-epidemiological profile, advances in the laboratory diagnosis of the disease, and therapeutic difficulties have been observed throughout these almost 25 years of the epidemic, although there is no national consensus. The last international guideline dates from 2007. Objectives: Update the clinical classification, diagnostic methods and recommendations on the therapeutic management of patients with sporotrichosis. Methods: Twelve experts in human sporotrichosis were selected from different Brazilian regions, and divided into three work groups: clinical, diagnosis and treatment. The bibliographic research was carried out on the EBSCOHost platform. Meetings took place via electronic mail and remote/face-to-face and hybrid settings, resulting in a questionnaire which pointed out 13 divergences, resolved based on the opinion of the majority of the participants. Results: The clinical classification and laboratory diagnosis were updated. Therapeutic recommendations were made for the different clinical forms. Conclusions: Publication of the first national recommendation, carried out by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology, aimed at the Brazilian scientific community, especially dermatologists, infectologists, pediatricians, family medicine personnel, and laboratory professionals who work in the management of human sporotrichosis.

Abstract Aiming at disclosing the semiotic method used in the diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor, the authors go through the history of the creation of Zirelí sign, describing the method, its usefulness and practicality in dermatological clinical practice, whether public or private, and to give credit to the author of this semiological maneuver, in memoriam.

Abstract: In the late 90's there was a change in both the route of transmission and the people at risk for sporotrichosis. This zoonotic cat-man alternative transmission route elicited changes in strategies to control the epidemic. There was a progressive increase in the number of cases involving especially children and the elderly. In addition to becoming hyperendemic, uncommon clinical pictures like immunoreactive clinical presentations or severe systemic cases have emerged. New species were identified and classified through molecular tools using more virulent clinical isolates, like S. brasiliensis, compared to the environmental isolates. Likewise, different species of Sporothrix have been associated with different geographic regions. The serological and molecular techniques are used as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and/or for species identification, although the isolation and the identification of Sporothrix spp. in clinical specimen is still the gold standard. Currently sporotrichosis epidemics requires the knowledge of the epidemiological-molecular profile to control the disease and the specific treatment. Itraconazole, potassium iodide, terfinafine, and amphotericin B are the available drugs in Brazil to treat sporotrichosis. The drug of choice, its posology, and treatment duration vary according to the clinical presentation, the Sporothrix species, and host immune status. New treatment choices, including a vaccine, are being developed; nevertheless, more clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy.

RESUMO O diagnóstico de lesões melanocíticas pode ser desafiador, e o estudo imuno-histoquímico é uma ferramenta valiosa para os dermatopatologistas. Relatamos dois casos inicialmente diagnosticados como melanoma in situ, avaliando os achados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos e os casos publicados na literatura com resultados semelhantes. Ressaltamos a importância da correlação clinicopatológica na avaliação das lesões com danos na interface e nos "ninhos pseudomelanocíticos", que podem simular melanoma in situ. Destacamos também a importância da utilização de um painel de imuno-histoquímica, além do Melan-A, no estudo dessas lesões.

ABSTRACT The diagnosis of melanocytic lesions can be challenging and immunohistochemical study is a valuable tool for dermatopathologists. We report two cases initially simulating melanoma in situ, reviewing the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings and the cases published in the literature with similar findings/results. We emphasize the importance of clinicopathological correlation in the evaluation of lesions with interface changes and in the "pseudomelanocytic nests", which may simulate melanoma in situ. We also highlight the importance of using a immunohistochemistry panel in addition to Melan-A, in the study of these lesions.